Русский ремесленник

At the end of XIX century in the Volga, on Kerzhenets began to appear many new kinds of toys: Turning painted in Semenov and Merinova and crudely-schepnoy in Fedoseyev. Today not know unrivaled Semenov nesting dolls. Tokars managed to grind out to 30 and more loose dolls and the artists painted their unsmiling faces and crimson bouquets in their hands.
In 1920 - 1930 years have appeared Semyonovsky rivals are turning their developmental toys and techniques of painting. In the Nizhny Novgorod region in a crowded village Polkhovsky Maidan, and more recently in the village Krutec men sharpened, while the women painted by aniline on starch primer, followed by lacquering naughty Maydanske "tararushki: mushrooms, money boxes, egg, cylindrical boxes, boxes, apples, whistles birds, dolls, etc.

Patterns cause pen with black ink, was placed inside contours of the bright spots of pure color. Paintings of flowers, fruits, small houses on the banks of rivers. Houses are under the miracle-spreading trees, which grow on the branches and apples, and pears, and berries. For houses burning crimson sunsets. Everything is exaggerated fairytale. Paint the same dolls appear household lines. Flowers covering the toy, looks only to the face, framed in black locks. These locks - a genuine piece of ancient local women's attire. The women cleaned the hair under kokoshnik, girls under the belt, and around the face and hat pierced black curly corkscrew, like hair, feathers of a drake.
Those dolls depict succinctly, creating a generalized image of rustic beauty. Each Maidanskaya mistress-krasilschitsa in its own way embodies this ideal of beauty. Craftswomen recently been supplemented contour drawing free brush strokes. Enriched and palette. Cold and warm colors safely coexist, creating a tension range. Painted "tararushki" holidays and fervent.
Maydanske toy not immediately listed as a range of products of folk art. But like all truly talented, coming from the depths of folk art, toys Maidanskaya asserts its vitality today is one of the most vivid manifestation of our modern culture. Sell this toy at the markets from the Baltic to the Far East.

Shuiskaya toy
Horses, sleds, dolls, birds, similar to the Nizhny Novgorod "toporshinu" did in the second half of the XIX century in Shuia district of Vladimir province. Painted figures with chalk and red lead with glue. Perhaps the local wizard picked some of the skills of manufacturing toys in the immediate neighborhood of Balakhna County, where the material is bought, as its wood was not.
The craft flourished in the 1860-1880-ies and, apparently, at the end of XIX century ended. But in major museum collections in the country is red conic smugly vskinuvshie head under the arch of the twig and leaning his feet firmly in the boards on wheels.
At the base strengthened and trap, as in purohovsko-Gorodets sledding, nailed like a live thread. Indeed, toporschina, schepnoy product! And the doll-peasant in a high headdress then cut from logs of wood flakes, and then painted in pale colors and applied to simple designs, like those in the village taps.
But images obtained impressive. All women are handsome, with frowning brows in the round, slightly soaked, angular cutting faces. Toy of Shuyskiy County, despite some loans, were able to create his own style, different from purohovsko-Gorodetsky.

Podmoskovnaya toy
In Alexander County, Vladimir province Trinity-Sergiev Posad and located him at about 27 kilometers Bogorodskoye already in the XVII century became a major center of toy production.
In 1965, the tercentenary of the stated focus of the oldest folk art. Toy Moscow region differs from the north and from the Volga. Her features were formed under the influence of Moscow. It is known that in the XVII century at the Armory to make toys with zhivstva. The tradition of realistic toy is unwavering in Bogorodskoe and to this day.
Bogorodskoe and Posada has long cooperated. Bogorodsky "balbeshniki" from churok-balbeshek cut toy wagons and transported to Sergievsky "Krasilov." Those painted it: expensive types of enamel, cheap - distempers. Immediately and sold. Buyers and owners of commercial warehouses distribute it in large quantities.
In Posada also had a lot of good carvers who worked at major studios. Also carved toys, they have done and wooden forms-bolvashkn for toys made of papier-mache: figurines of birds, animals, pets, Puzanov "- a satirical depiction of the merchants," pelenashek - ladies in tight dresses, "flip" - Vanek-vstanek .
These bolvashki, the oldest samples of toys near Moscow, represented in the museum. They are created in the first half of the XIX century. How many times a knife cut them prosohshuyu pulp of the same shape figurines! On both sides have bolvashek and left deep furrows.
But the injury did not interfere now enjoy these sculptures of blackened wood, met with small slices cautious, Detection of human body shapes and animals, the texture of feathers, fur animals, parts of garments. Lord portrayed with a touch of satire, ordinary people - with sympathy.

Created in the middle and in the second half of the XIX century wooden toys Moscow region - is a gallery of characters, though came in the museum display of the pre-reform era in Russia. In the elegant and sophisticated costumes coyly smiling sheepishly ladies and gentlemen, hussars, and the ladies are on the triangular supports, slightly advancing his leg and nearly his head.
Simple methods of carving knife and chisel handed heavy and light fabrics, fur, lace, ribbons. It is relatively expensive, glittering colors dolls from trihedral churok 30-40 inches of height or of the tiny pieces of wood 2.5 cm. And along with them, "gray" cheap goods from the waste, from flat irregular flakes. Then the parade violated. Bogorodsky "skaters" and the townsmen masters "on personal dale" will provide humor, portraying nurses, monks and nuns, all kinds of soldiers and again hussars and ladies, but the turgid, with ferocious faces. Cuts figures simplistic, revealing the silhouette of decorative rhythm, and paint "with the blunder. Immediacy of execution makes this series of toys may be more expressive than those solemn and elegant.
During the XIX century, formed the stylistic features near Moscow toys. In stolbovatosti figures, the front is clearly emerges purely popular understanding of sculpture as a volume, subject to the block, from which it is released. At the same time extended proportions, in a clear division of the architectural forms and their proportionality, the compositional rigor reveal a significant influence on the grand toy classical art, fine porcelain sculpture.
The impact of the latter is particularly noticeable in the painting of toys. No wonder they both decorative statues used to decorate slides and drawers instead of unaffordable porcelain. Also painted toys, Bogorodsky masters did and unpainted.
It is also manifest features of the genre of sculpture and feel the impact but only china, but lubok. The main characters - farmers, workers, then made poetry, then the comic figure. One of the best toys of the circle in the Russian Museum collection - "Peasant with lamb" - was exhibited in 1965 at the jubilee exhibition Bogorodsky art in Moscow.
Amusing toys with movement - "Blacksmiths," "Tea", "Felling cabbage", "Klyuyuschie chicken" on the sliding bars, pa circles, with ropes and weights, counterweights. They are deprived statuar-post. Forms of squat, large-headed humanoids with sharp features of reshepy simplistic. Character carving energetic. Cutting contrasted with smooth surfaces treated with abrasive sandpaper. All mass outside Moscow Toy late XIX - early XX century, acquired this roughness.