Русский ремесленник

Glazunov Moscow - birthplace of unique picturesque style of Palekh lacquer miniature. At the source of its creation there were two people. This Alexander Glazunov, and Ivan I. Golikov. Both paleshanina. Their wives were sisters, and came from the ancient Palekh icon-type Kolesov.
Alexander Glazunov was born 19 (31) in August 1884 in Moscow. As a parent of Palekh icon-painter, he was enrolled and until 1917 remained a peasant village Terehovo, 5 miles from Palekh. In 1903 he received there from society Usad under construction, and in 1909 the arable and forest plots. In the same district Palekh Terekhovskaya tverdoharakternost respect for and loyalty to the word, Discretion.

  Deprived of a 4-year old father, Alexander was raised in a family of parents stepfather, Vasily Bahireva, in the village of broth (20 miles from Palekh). Icon-painting skills taught in Palekh, in the workshop Salautina DP From 1903 to 1908 he worked in the 1st Moscow's artistic and iconographic Artel (partnership), a painter and restorer of "solid monthly salary. In 1909, after the liquidation of the partnership started in Moscow on his own workshop. He worked in Nizhny Novgorod, in the Moscow cathedral Miracle and Zvenigorod Savino Storozhevsky monasteries ...
A.A. Glazunov stood out among the other owners of deep knowledge in the icon-painting business, a common culture. Not received even a decent primary education, he was a volunteer attended lectures at the Moscow Archaeological Institute. Wall graduated with a wax seal, adorned with black-red-gold ornaments and the elegant "Slovenian" ligature (printed, perhaps modeled on V.M.Vasnetsova Professor Institute), certifies achievements auditor AA Glazunov, and the ruling Council of the Institute of 25 September 1910 on conferring him the title "a graduate course. Terekhovka farmer was a member of the commission for inspection and study of ancient monuments of the church in Moscow and the Moscow diocese, was a member of other learned societies, collecting handicrafts, icons, published in journals. In 1914 he undertook the publication of the Materials for the history of Russian icon painting.
Bolshevik revolution struck the final blow to icon painting. However, a demand for experts in antiquities and church values. In 1918 Glazunov-member board for Museums and Monuments of art and antiquities, in 1919 - is included in the Commission for Reception of church property and the Kremlin Savvino Storozhevsky monastery. October 28, 1919 is Glavmuzeya researcher at the People's Commissariat.
In the 1920's restored connection with Glazunov in crisis Palekh. Some painters turned to the peasant labor, the other went to the factory, and others mastered the craft more profitable than the Arts. But talented persistently searched for ways to annex their skills in new contexts.
Ivan Ivanovich Golikov, was born on a cold winter of 1886 in Moscow in a family of Palekh icon painter Ivan Mikhailovich Golikov. Even in the days of Alexander Pushkin Golikov in the capital have their own shop as well as trading icons.
After the death of the tragic death of head of household, wife with six children had to come home in Palekh. Winter wintered in the bath, the widow of the spring began to build his house. Five sons were students in the icon-painting studio. The daughter helped her mother with household chores.
Golikov The First World War. By this time, Ivan Ivanovich Golikov, had married and they waited with his wife his first child. Time was alarming. It was decided to transfer his wife to Moscow for a relative Glazunov. It was the birthplace of their first daughter.
Six long years spent in the trenches Ivan Golikov - the future discoverer of a new direction in the visual arts in Russia.
Six years of living in an intellectual family Glazunov had a tremendous impact on Anastasia - his wife and faithful assistant, Ivan Ivanovich. She read a lot, she knew by heart the verses of many poets. Had a wonderful voice. From childhood, she sang in a choir Palekh Exaltation of the Cross church. Local priest strongly advised the young girl to continue to develop their natural musical abilities.
Later, a Russian folk songs performed by Anastasia, Ivan Golikov create their unrivaled Troika "," Down by Mother Volga on "," It Razin to the rabble "and numerous other works.
Arriving after the First World War to Glazunov, Ivan Ivanovich grieved at the loss of his application enormous creative potential. One of the laboratories of these searches is a workshop AA Glazunov, who in the prewar years, tried to paint the products made of papier-mache (Easter eggs Veshnyakovskaya factory). Experience and instinct of the artist allowed him to stop questioning Officer Handicraft Museum, will master it paleshane new material, said firmly: - "Never try.
Kotuhin In 1922, in a workshop under the supervision of Glazunov from under the hand of Ivan Golikov first song was born the famous biblical story of Adam in Paradise ", performed by some gold - red, green and silver. Workpiece under the work was the Donets photographic trays made of papier-mache with cut edges, found in the vast economy relative. Thumbnail acquired Moscow Handicraft Museum, was admired and appreciated by specialists widely known in artistic circles. Thus was born in Moscow, famous now, the style, called the world "Palekh".
By Palekh traditions Glazunov found a wife at home - the daughter of Vasily Pavlovich Kolesov, a salesman from the village Yurkino Barbarian. Her three sisters - Anastasia, Maria, Evdokia also married to icon painters: Ivan Ivanovich Golikov, Alexander Zubkov and Alexander Vasilyevich Kotuhin. Family relationships were in favor with Palekh. A relative long time and not once happened to work in the Glazunov workshop before the revolution. Similarly, the other icon-painters-paleshane visited Glazunov and widely used by his warm welcome and help in the work.
The success of Golikov and Glazunov found in Palekh. We arrived in Moscow Zubkov, Kotuhin, Vakurov. They, under the supervision of Glazunov, was created a number of works.
These and other works with great success exhibited in 1923 at the All-Union Agricultural and Industrial Exhibition of handicraft. And after Palekh participation in the Venice exhibition in 1924, four artists, headed by Ivan Golikov, was invited to a private school in a miniature Italy. Offer fantastic condition - a huge pension for life and a proposal - to move with their families and wooden huts with their pets. A Communist Moscow was polite, but firm: the art of Palekh belongs to the Soviet Union, and the wizard should work at home. So genius doomed to poverty and meager wages.
Vakurov Once again paleshane shocked the art world in 1925 at the World Rhythmic Paris Exposition. Several artists received gold medals and diplomas.
In 1933, Maxim Gorky, a lively interest in Palekh, offers discoverer, Ivan Ivanovich Golikov, as the most talented, to issue the book "The Lay of Igor's Host. This work was done with such artistic perfection that has shocked and Gorky, and the creative community artists. The book was published in 1934 and immediately was placed in a series of world cultural masterpieces. Scenic originals acquired Tretyakov Gallery.
From 1924 to 1937 by Ivan Golikov, was created more than one thousand five hundred works, and they are all unique. He actively participated in the design of monumental panels, murals, theatrical scenery of the Bolshoi Theater.
Precarious living conditions, a large family of seven, the front during the First World War and a military prisoner, where he miraculously managed to escape the daily creative work from dawn to dusk - all led to a serious illness.
30 th March 1937 the great Russian artist Ivan Golikov died. Out of 12 thousand rubles, which owed him for the book, only half had received his widow, and the remaining money went to the needs of the young art of Palekh Artel ancient paintings. Anastasia was appointed a pension of 150 rubles and 150 rubles allocated for the seven children.
Tragically ended and the fate of Alexander Glazunov. In September 1943 he was arrested on a tip-off. First there was Lefortovo prison, then the Karaganda camp. Then followed the Urals, where the traces are lost. But according to some reports, Glazunov was shot.

By George Golikov