Русский ремесленник

This is one of the traditional folk crafts Russia is located in the village Bogorodskoe Sergiev Posad district of Moscow region. The village is situated 25 km from Sergiev Posad. In XV-XVI centuries, this was an extensive village, stretching along both banks of the river Cunha. Belonged to the beginning of its history major votchinniki Pleshcheev, which went from a sort of St Alexis, Metropolitan of Moscow, it is the end of XVI century, became part of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. Until the beginning of XX century, according to the former administrative division of Russia, the village was part of the Alexander County Vladimir province, though anciently gravitated to the Trinity-Sergius monastery, and founded in 1782 under the monastery settlements town of Sergiev Posad, that was included in the Dmitrov district, Moscow province.

Apparently, the end of XVIII century and is the birth Bogorodsk toys based on local folk traditions, as well as common in the monastery of crafts wood. The earliest extant works are in the first half of the XIX century and demonstrate a high level of skill Bogorodsk Sergius carvers and raspischikov. It is known that among them there was a kind of cooperation: so much, created in Bogorodskoe figures, painted in Sergiev Posad, and then either sold here in the city many pilgrims, or enter the markets of Moscow and other cities. Among the works of that time were in great demand both male and female figures: mushroom and loggers, hunters, dancers, musicians. As a rule, they were mounted on a high pedestal, and were painted in bright colors. Heads of such figures connected with the torso by a small spring. Thus, Toys "animated", as seen in the famous "dancing peasant from the collection of Sergiev Posad State History and Art Museum. AN Zinin - one of the first known masters Bogorodsky fishing, working in the middle of the XIX century. His best work is the sculpture "Fiddler" and "Lumberjack" from the collection of the Artistic Pedagogical Museum of Toys-RW and "Hunter" from Sergiev Posad State History and Art Museum. Soft quiet path, conciseness and generality of the images show a high level of skill of the author. Throughout the XIX century in the range of cutters were popular themes "Hussars" and "ladies" - slightly overact images foppish military and their companions, whom the people are often called "Durko. These are the works of the most vividly demonstrate traditional forms Bogorodsk toys: a figure consistent with the requirements of economy of material was trihedral obtained at razrubanii logs into several parts. Characteristic of bogorodtsev was the image of a rider, constantly varying on fisheries: sedachki and Cossacks, military leaders and hunters. A large number of these works were created in the 1880-1900-s. When under the influence of progressive Russian artistic circles, steps were taken for the maintenance of folk art. For immediate assistance artist N.D. Bartram, V.I. Borutskiy and other specialists in the field of toy production increased Bogorodsk range of products.
In 1913 Bogorodskoye was organized by carving handicraft guild, and then in the same year, and Educational Instruction with a demonstrative workshop classes on carved case (now Bogorodskoe State Vocational Vocational Industrial Art School). However, the desire of some artists to develop and build the fishery more unique arrangement led to implant the principles of sculpture.
Introduced here as samples of toys with movement. This range of products (all kinds of "Dergun", "pelenashki", "owls", "smith" and many others) stayed in Bogorodskoe until 1930. Already in the first years after fishing here was revived, and in 1923 was based Bogorodskaya toy-carved labor guild, soon dubbed "Bogorodsky carver", which became the successor of the pre-revolutionary comradeship. In 1930-1950 gg. situation in the fishery has been difficult. The low level of total production impact on the work of the farm. Again began to dominate the multi-figured compositions, which lose a key quality of works of folk art - simplicity, imagery, expressive. But then the best toys Bogorodsk masters VT Полинова, NA Eroshkina, FS Balayeva, AY Chushkin, DI Puchkova were preserved the ancient traditions of fishing.
Original fracture occurred in the fishery in the late 1950's - early 1960's. When more attention has been paid to the development of the best artistic traditions of the ancient craft. In the works of many carvers at this time to be a revived interest in the heritage of the past.
In 1961 was organized by the art of carving Bogorodskaya factory (now JSC "Bogorodsky carver and LLC Bogorodskaya toy"), with the opening of a fishery, as well as most other people's art centers, was transferred to the industrial track. With the closure of factories and turning it into a society becomes less stringent attitude to guests, less importance was the standard of play, and, conversely, increased the importance of variation and creativity. At the fishery there is a creative group that defines the basic direction of artistic movements Bogorodsky art in our day. In recent decades, among the leading masters of fishing were popular artist of the USSR, M.I. Smirnov, Honored Artist of the USSR V.S. Zinin, Nikolai Ivanovich Maksimov, N.M. Shipeev, N.E. Levin, I.R. Berkutov, S.N. Ulasevich, A.N. Varganov. Now in the fishery are young talented carvers S.A. Pautov, D.M. Kazimov, I.M. Polish, L.Y. Bryukhanov, M.M. Ahmatizyaev.

How do Bogorodsk toy
Wood (linden), dried under a canopy in the open air for about three years. After sawing the trunk into pieces, which then cuts along the fibers on the triangular logs, depending on the required size toys. Thus, the front part of the trihedral angle becomes, and the backside of the toys - the arc of a log. Then toy "notch", ie give her the blueprint works. Direct Bogorodsky sharpest knife remove all the excess wood and model form. Finishing toys linked to the work of small chisels (lapse), with which depicted animal fur or feathers of birds. Another method of finishing the final toys linked to oshkurivaniem form shallow sandpaper. This technique is usually used to convey a smooth surface.