Русский ремесленник

Wood - one of the materials that have received the greatest use for the manufacture of many items that are needed to man in his daily life. Today, artistic carving, painting on wood is one of the most popular and sought after crafts. With its universal qualities, this material allows you to make large-sized structures, such as peasant houses, or many-headed temple in Kizhi. Also use the smallest of his pieces, roots and bark to create a variety of household utensils, dishes, toys.

Like the earlier appearance of wood processing has artistic carvings on wood, because it is closely connected with the process of forming the design of any thing, whether it be a chest, bench, cot for a child or acasket. These and similar items are not always decorated with carved ornament, but in the very form of a product, its proportions, silhouette, manifest the aesthetic properties of things. For example, hollowed bowl or cut from monolithic piece of wood bucket in its plastic have already submitted a sample of sculptural solutions performed by means of this art form. However, in most cases, works of art made of wood decorated with tiles of various types. Their types and techniques give the master a wide choice of funds for the decoration of utilitarian objects.
Geometric art carving knife and has performed in its pattern of a simple combination of lines. In the triangular-emarginate, the figure is already becoming a buried topography. Skobchataya or nogtevidnaya technology implemented semicircular chisels and has smooth lines in the contours that form the pattern elements. Ploskorelefny type is divided into several types, which are only trimming circuit (thread with pillow background), or choose a background against which the relief ornament forms. Its varieties are deaf and openwork technology. The most complex form is a sculptural form.

Thus, before the master of a wide range of media: from simple lines and geometric forms of ornament to the complex finest miniatures depicting human figures, architectural and landscape elements, made of solid wood (boxwood, walnut, beech). Certain methods of artistic wood carving and motifs of images, type and nature of the ornament over time have become the hallmark of the art of individual centers, and even entire regions. For example, in Russian villages typical of northern Europe was the completion of the roof houses ohlupnem - a head of a horse, cut with an ax. Windows rural and urban homes in many areas of Russia are still processed patterned aprons with propyl, consignment, bulk technology.

In the unique architectural monuments of antiquity preserved udivitelnayatehnologiya iconography, palace furniture, ritual and secular sculptures. If we consider that all these works were carried out and implemented now, a simple tool (ax, a saw, chisels and knives of various kinds), it becomes clear that the profession is manifested at the level of genuine art. Historically, developing, processing of wood together gradually become richer color. Embellishment thread, and then the decoration of various wooden items led to the formation of a center of folk art in which painting on wood was the main focus of their activities. Moreover, in some areas, closely spaced crafts found significant differences in the methods of writing, the motives of decoration. In confirmation of this is enough to recall khokhloma, Gorodetsky and polhov-Maydanske painting Nizhny Novgorod region.

The reason for the development of art painting on wood was, above all, a desire to enrich the master object, make it beautiful, smart. But one of the reasons for the introduction of color in the objects of wood was the need to refine some of the wood or disguise its natural defects (blue, swirls, etc.). Variety of art-making masters seeking, inter alia, the introduction of metal (appliances notches), the connection of different color and texture of the wood (inlay technique), burning a picture or background, which emphasizes the silhouette of the pattern. Crafts for processing wood are widely developed in Russia. In forest-rich countries the art of art of wood carving, decorating various household items, has become ubiquitous ornamental in nature. Only a few centers became the dominant sculpture.